Unix-Utilities

Unix-Utilities sind ein gut definierter Satz von Befehlen (portable Shell-Skripte, evtl. POSIX spezifiziert). Der Begriff umfasst nicht standardmässige CLI-Befehle (Unix/Linux). ^{1 2 3 4}

Linux Shortcut Keys / Commands

Basic Navigation

• cd .. move up one directory
• cd / go to root directory
• cd ~ go to home directory
• cd change directory
• clear clear the terminal screen
• history show command history
• ls -a list all files including hidden
• ls -l list in long format
• ls list files and directories
• pwd print working directory

File & Directory Management

• ~/ represent contents in the home directory from the working directory
• ar create library archives, and add or extract files
• basename display portions of pathnames and filenames
• cat filename display file contents
• cat concatenate and display files
• cd ../.. switch to a directory two levels higher
• cd .. switch to a directory one levels higher
• cd . represent the current directory
• cd change working directory
• chgrp change the group ownership of a file
• chmod 755 filename Change file permissions
• chmod u+x filename Make file executable for user
• chmod change the permissions mode of a file
• chown user:group filename Change file owner and group
• cmp perform a byte-by-byte comparison of two files
• comm selects or rejects lines common to two sorted files
• compress compress files (see uncompress also)
• cp -r source_dir destination copy directory recursively
• cp source destination copy file
• cp copy files
• cpio copy file archives in and out
• csh a shell with a C-like syntax and advanced interactive features
• cut write out selected bytes, characters, or fields from each line of a file
• cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd system users login accounts
• df report free disk space on file systems
• diff display line-by-line differences between pairs of text files
• du display the number of disk blocks used per directory or file
• expand expand TAB characters to SPACE characters (see unexpand)
• file determine the type of a file by examining its contents
• find find files by name, or by other characteristics
• ftp file transfer program
• grep search a file for a string or regular expression
• head filename show first 10 lines of a file
• head display first few lines of specified files
• install install files
• less filename view file contents one page at a time
• ln make hard or symbolic links to files
• mkdir dirname create a new directory
• mkdir make a directory
• more browse or page through a text file
• mv oldname newname rename or move a file
• mv move or rename files
• nano [Verzeichnis/Datei] - Nano editor
• od octal, decimal, hexadecimal, and ascii dump
• page browse or page through a text file
• paste joins lines from one or more files
• pwd display the pathname of the current working directory
• rcp remote file copy
• rev reverse the order of characters in each line
• rm -r dirname delete a directory recursively
• rm filename delete a file
• rm remove files or directories
• rmdir dirname remove an empty directory
• rmdir remove directories
• size display the size of an object file
• sort sort and collate lines
• spell report spelling errors
• split split a file into pieces
• strings find printable strings in an object file or binary
• strip remove symbols and relocation bits from an object file
• tail -f filename monitor file in real-time
• tail filename show last 10 lines of a file
• tail display the last part of a file
• tar create tape archives, and add or extract files
• tee replicate the standard output
• tftp trivial file transfer program
• touch filename create a new empty file
• touch update the access and modification times of a file
• uncompress uncompress files (see compress also)
• unexpand restore TAB characters from SPACE characters (see expand)
• uniq remove or report adjacent duplicate lines
• wc display a count of lines, words and characters
• where display Binär-, Quell- und Man-Dateien
• whereis [options] [-BMS directory... -f] name... Binär-, Quell- und Man-Dateien (details) ^{5 6}
• zcat display compressed files

System Information

• df -h Show disk space usage
• du -sh * Show directory sizes
• free -h Show memory usage
• hostname Show or set system hostname
• htop Interactive process viewer
• lsblk Show block devices
• lscpu Display CPU information
• top Display running processes
• uname -a Show all system information
• uptime Show system running time

Process Management

• bg Resume job in background
• fg Bring job to foreground
• jobs List background jobs
• kill PID Kill a process by ID
• killall processname Kill process by name
• ps aux Detailed process list
• ps Show active processes

Networking Commands

• curl url Transfer data from or to a server
• ifconfig Show network interfaces
• ip addr show Display IP addresses
• netstat -tuln Show active ports
• ping host Test connectivity
• scp file user@host:/path Copy file to remote server
• ss -tuln Show listening sockets
• ssh user@host Connect to remote machine via SSH
• wget url Download file from web

Package Management (Ubuntu/Debian)

• dpkg -l List installed packages
• sudo apt autoremove Remove unused dependencies
• sudo apt install packagename Install a package
• sudo apt remove packagename Remove a package
• sudo apt update Update package list
• sudo apt upgrade Upgrade all packages

Package Management (RHEL/CentOS)

• sudo dnf install packagename Install using DNF (newer versions)
• sudo yum install packagename Install package
• sudo yum remove packagename Remove package
• sudo yum update Update packages

File Compression & Archiving

• gunzip filename.gz Decompress file
• gzip filename Compress file
• tar -cvf archive.tar directory Create tar archive
• tar -xvf archive.tar Extract tar archive
• unzip archive.zip Extract zip file
• zip archive.zip file1 file2 Create zip file

User Management

• awk -F: '{ print $1}' /etc/passwd system users first field only
• id Show user and group info
• less /etc/passwd 👉🏻 Users in Linux
• logout Log out current session
• su username Switch user
• sudo adduser username Add a new user
• sudo deluser username Remove user
• sudo passwd username Change user password
• who Show logged-in users
• whoami Display current username

System Shutdown & Reboot

• poweroff Power off system
• reboot Restart the system
• sudo shutdown -r now Reboot immediately
• sudo shutdown now Shut down immediately

Search & Find

• find /path -name filename Search for file by name
• grep -r 'pattern' /path Search recursively in directory
• grep 'pattern' file Search text inside file
• locate filename Quickly find files by name
• updatedb Update locate database

Texteditor Nano

• Texteditor Nano

Linux beherrschen (Beginner bis Pro):

• Linux Mastery